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Typical short term effects of pelvic radiotherapy:

Bladder - can cause increased frequency of urination, stinging when urinating, nocturia (needing to get up frequently during the night to urinate)

Bowels - can cause either diarrhoea or constipation, pruritis (anal irritation leading to itchiness)

Skin - possibly some reddening of the skin in treatment area (usually noticed in the natal cleft, where there is more friction between skin folds)

Nausea - infrequent for pelvic irradiation but is possible

Fatigue - levels of fatigue differ for each patient, some don't notice it whilst others can get very tired

These effects don't typically appear until about 10 days into treatment, and can usually be managed effectively. They are not permanent, and begin to subside about 10 days after the end of treatment.

Possible long term effects:

Erectile dysfunction can occur in some (not all) cases (specifically after prostate treatment)

Bladder constriction can occur, meaning the bladder can hold a lesser volume than it did prior to treatment - however this certainly does not occur in all cases. Steps are taken to minimise the chance of this occurring - it is one of the reasons patients are asked to keep their bladder fullness consistent for each daily treatment (this can be empty, moderate, or full, depending on the specific treatment).

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