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Arachnoiditis is inflammation of the the leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater). These structures wrap the surface of the brain and spinal cord. When they are inflamed, whatever the underlying cause, gadolinium injection during an MRI scan causes enhancement of the leptomeninges on T1 weighted images.

Many different health problems may cause arachnoiditis (from tuberculosis to carcinomatosis to autoimmune diseases).

So, strictly speaking, arachnoiditis on an MRI means the leptomeninges enhance.

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