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Mammography is just an X-ray of the breast.

Tomography (usually "computer assisted ... OR CAT scan) is also an X-ray;

but by moving the source AND the plate (screen) in special patterns they can get a better view of internal structures than just a flat plate.

On the other hand

MRI does NOT use X-rays, it functions by distorting the electron paths of the atoms of your body (using a magnetic field) and then detecting the radio waves generated (by those atoms) as the electrons snap back into place.

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