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What is periarticular sclerosis?
Periarticular sclerosis refers to the narrowing of the surrounding a joint.
What is periarticular osteopenia?
Osteopenia refers to demineralized or under mineralized bones. Periarticular osteopenia is a lowering of density in the area of bones which surround a joint. Periarticular osteopenia is most common in the hands, but can occur around any joint.
What will periarticular sclerosis do in long term?
This seems to be related with Ankylosing spondylitis and for more info on this Go to the related link below
What is perarticular sclerosis?
Periarticular sclerosis of the SI joint is narrowing of the surrounding around the joint. The SI joint is the sacroiliac joint.
What is mildly increased periarticular uptake?
Mildly increased periarticular uptake refers to an increase in radiotracer uptake around the joint on a nuclear medicine scan. This could indicate inflammation or injury in the soft tissues surrounding the joint, such as tendons or ligaments. Further evaluation may be needed to determine the cause of the increased uptake.
Results from a hip x-ray - what is periarticular sclerosis and spurring along the superior acetabulum?
Periarticular sclerosis is increased bone density near a joint seen on X-ray, often due to chronic joint stress or osteoarthritis. Spurring along the superior acetabulum refers to bony growths at the top of the hip socket, typically seen in conditions like osteoarthritis or hip impingement. These findings can indicate degenerative changes in the hip joint.
What is an adaptive-control function?
Functional adaptation is where the bone adapts to altered physical stimuli, dietary changes, or injury. Dietary calcium and vitamins play important roles in maintaining skeletal health, but high-fat diets are pervasive in western cultures and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of related hip fractures. Exercise helps maintain bone mass and counter osteoporosis, but exercise can also have detrimental effects-particularly for immature bone. Some negative exercise effects may also be linked to diet. For example, insufficient dietary protein during exercise can impair bone development and remodeling. Bone remodeling is a potent example of tissue repair. Chronically altered loading after a joint injury, however, can result in remodeling processes that can be detrimental to the joint. Anterior cruciate ligament injury, for example, commonly leads to osteoarthritis. Early changes in the periarticular cancellous bone may play a role in the development of knee osteoarthritis. Although these factors influence skeletal health, the mechanisms remain unclear by which bone interprets its environment and responds to mechanical stimuli or injury. To understand why different levels of exercise are beneficial or detrimental or why altered joint loading leads to changes in periarticular bone structure, underlying mechanisms must be understood by which bone interprets its mechanical environment.A functional adaption in something that an animal, human or thing needs to be able to function. If something was living on the moon it would have to have functional adaptions to be able to function.
How does manipulation work?
The original theory of chiropractic 100 years ago was that illness occurs due to "subluxations", which was defined as the vertebrae causing impingement of the adjacent nerve roots. Chiropractic manipulations were thought to move the vertebrae back into alignment and reduce the pressure on these nerves, so that the body could then heal itself. Modern chiropractic is based on the theory that a properly functioning spine and musculoskeletal system in general is an important part of total health and well-being. Joints in the spine (and others) are meant to move. When joints are not moving properly then pain and loss of function can result. Chiropractors will use joint manipulations to induce proper motion back into a joint and thus relieve pain and improve function. More technically, chiropractic scientists theorize that joint manipulation affects afferent stimuli, reducing or eliminating gamma system overflow or reducing the proprioceptive input modulating gamma system function. It has been suggested that this temporary interruption in myoelectrical activity has a persistent therapeutic effect on the periarticular muscle.
Bursitis?
DefinitionBursitis is inflammation of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) that lies between a tendon and skin, or between a tendon and bone. The condition may be acute or chronic.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsBursae are fluid-filled cavities near joints where tendons or muscles pass over bony projections. They assist movement and reduce friction between moving parts.Bursitis can be caused by chronic overuse, trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infection. Sometimes the cause cannot be determined. Bursitis commonly occurs in the shoulder, knee, elbow, and hip. Other areas that may be affected include the Achilles tendon and the foot.Chronic inflammation can occur with repeated injuries or attacks of bursitis.SymptomsJoint pain and tendernessSwellingWarmth over the jointTreatmentYour health care provider may recommend temporary rest or immobilization of the affected joint.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may relieve pain and inflammation. Formal physical therapy may be helpful as well.If the inflammation does not respond to the initial treatment, it may be necessary to draw out fluid from the bursa and inject corticosteroids. Surgery is rarely required.Exercises for the affected area should be started as the pain resolves. If muscle atrophy (weakness or decrease in size) has occurred, your health care provider may suggest exercises to build strength and increase mobility.Bursitis caused by infection is treated with antibiotics. Sometimes the infected bursa must be drained surgically.Expectations (prognosis)The condition may respond well to treatment, or it may develop into a chronic condition if the underlying cause cannot be corrected.ComplicationsChronic bursitis may occur.Too many steroid injections over a short period of time can cause injury to the surrounding tendons.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if symptoms recur or do not improve after 2 weeks of treatment.PreventionAvoid activities that include repetitive movements of any body parts whenever possible.ReferencesBiundo JJ. Bursitis, tendinitis, and other periarticular disorders, and sports medicine. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 284.
Tennis elbow?
DefinitionTennis elbow is an inflammation, soreness, or pain on the outside (lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow. There may be a partial tear of the tendon fibers, which connect muscle to bone, at or near their point of origin on the outside of the elbow.Alternative NamesEpitrochlear bursitis; Lateral epicondylitis; Epicondylitis - lateralCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThis injury is due to repeated motions of the wrist or forearm. The injury is typically associated with tennis playing, hence the name "tennis elbow." However, any activity that involves repetitive twisting of the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to this condition.SymptomsElbow pain that gradually worsensPain radiating from the outside of the elbow to the forearm and back of the hand when grasping or twistingWeak graspSigns and testsThe diagnosis is made based on signs and symptoms, since x-rays are usually normal. Often there will be pain or tenderness when the tendon is gently pressed near where it attaches to the upper arm bone, over the outside of the elbowThere is also pain near the elbow when the wrist is extended (bent backwards, like revving a motorcycle engine) against resistance.TreatmentThe goal of treatment is to relieve pain and swelling. Treatment may include:Heat therapyLocal injection of cortisone and a numbing medicineNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin)Physical therapyPulsed ultrasound to break up scar tissue, promote healing, and increase blood flow in the areaUsing a splint to keep the forearm and elbow still for 2 to 3 weeksTo prevent the injury from happening again, a splint may be worn during activities that aggravate the condition. Or, you may need to limit certain activities. If the pain persists despite nonsurgical treatments, surgery may be necessary.Expectations (prognosis)Most people improve with nonsurgical treatment. The majority of those who do have surgery show an improvement in symptoms.ComplicationsFailure to improve with nonsurgical or surgical treatment. This may be due to nerve entrapment in the forearmRecurrence of the injury with overuseRupture of the tendon with repeated steroid injectionsCalling your health care providerApply home treatment (over-the-counter anti-inflammatory analgesics and immobilization) if symptoms are mild or if you have had this disorder before and you know this is what you have.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if this is the first time you have had these symptoms, or if home treatment does not relieve the symptoms.PreventionMaintain good strength and flexibility in the arm muscles or avoid repetitive motions. Rest the elbow when flexion and extension (bending and straightening) are painful. An ice pack applied to the outside of the elbow after repetitive motion may help alleviate symptoms.ReferencesBiundo JJ. Bursitis, tendinitis, and other periarticular disorders, and sports medicine. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 284.Geiderman JM. Humerus and elbow. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2006: chap 49.Johnson GW, Cadwallader K, Scheffel SB, et al. Treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(6):843-848.
