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What is the treatment for angiomyolipoma?
The treatment for angiomyolipoma may require preventative selective embolization of the angiomyolipoma to be performed or surgery. A surgery is usually required when there is life-threatening bleeding.
My wifes sonography report shows -grade 1 hepatic steatosis - small hyperechoic lesion involving mid pole of rt kidney angiomyolipoma what are these?
i dont no
What is a angiomyolipoma in the left kidney?
Breaking down each part of the term, "angio" means "blood vessel", "myo" means "muscle", and "lipoma" is a benign fatty tumor. Therefore, this is likely a tumor involving the fat and muscle layers of a blood vessel. While it may be classified as 'benign', this simply means the tumor has a low risk of spreading to other tissues - it is not 'benign' in the sense that any tumor that weakens the wall of a blood vessel may cause a sudden hole to rip in the blood vessel which could lead to sudden collapse and death.
Is kidney disease related to tuberous sclerosis?
Kidney disease can be a serious medical concern in TS; it is the most frequent cause of death in people with TS older than 30 years. The most common renal finding is the angiomyolipoma.
What is the cause of angiomyolipoma?
It is a benign tumor of the kidney, and as such the cause is not known. They are usually solitary and sporadic. They are also found with a rare hereditary disease, tuberous sclerosis, in which case they are usually more numerous tumors in the affected individual. They can be found in lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a very rare lung condition found only in women.
What procedure can a medical doctor do to correct an injury to the kidney?
The doctor could set a bone, prescribe a drug, or recommend a surgical procedure.You haven't specified the organs.If you have problems with your internal organs, a medical doctor might prescribe medication or have you go see a specialist. A doctor will be unlikely to operate on or otherwise physically manipulate on most internal organs.
What are the neurological symptoms of tuberous sclerosis?
What are the signs and symptoms of TSC?TSC can affect many different systems of the body, causing a variety of signs and symptoms. Signs of the disorder vary depending on which system and which organs are involved. The natural course of TSC varies from individual to individual, with symptoms ranging from very mild to quite severe. In addition to the benign tumors that frequently occur in TSC, other common symptoms include seizures, mental retardation, behavior problems, and skin abnormalities. Tumors can grow in nearly any organ, but they most commonly occur in the brain, kidneys, heart, lungs, and skin. Malignant tumors are rare in TSC. Those that do occur primarily affect the kidneys.Kidney problems such as cysts and angiomyolipomas occur in an estimated 70 to 80 percent of individuals with TSC, usually occurring between ages 15 and 30. Cysts are usually small, appear in limited numbers, and cause no serious problems. Approximately 2 percent of individuals with TSC develop large numbers of cysts in a pattern similar to polycystic kidney disease2 during childhood. In these cases, kidney function is compromised and kidney failure occurs. In rare instances, the cysts may bleed, leading to blood loss and anemia.Angiomyolipomas-benign growths consisting of fatty tissue and muscle cells-are the most common kidney lesions in TSC. These growths are seen in the majority of TSC patients, but are also found in about one of every 300 people without TSC. Angiomyolipomas caused by TSC are usually found in both kidneys and in most cases they produce no symptoms. However, they can sometimes grow so large that they cause pain or kidney failure. Bleeding from angiomyolipomas may also occur, causing both pain and weakness. If severe bleeding does not stop naturally, there may severe blood loss, resulting in profound anemia and a life-threatening drop in blood pressure, warranting urgent medical attention.Other rare kidney problems include renal cell carcinoma, developing from an angiomyolipoma, and oncocytomas, benign tumors unique to individuals with TSC.Three types of brain tumors are associated with TSC: cortical tubers, for which the disease is named, generally form on the surface of the brain, but may also appear in the deep areas of the brain; subependymal nodules, which form in the walls of the ventricles-the fluid-filled cavities of the brain; and giant-cell tumors (astrocytomas), a type of tumor that can grow and block the flow of fluids within the brain, causing a buildup of fluid and pressure and leading to headaches and blurred vision.Tumors called cardiac rhabdomyomas are often found in the hearts of infants and young children with TSC. If the tumors are large or there are multiple tumors, they can block circulation and cause death. However, if they do not cause problems at birth-when in most cases they are at their largest size-they usually become smaller with time and do not affect the individual in later life.Benign tumors called phakomas are sometimes found in the eyes of individuals with TSC, appearing as white patches on the retina. Generally they do not cause vision loss or other vision problems, but they can be used to help diagnose the disease.Additional tumors and cysts may be found in other areas of the body, including the liver, lung, and pancreas. Bone cysts, rectal polyps, gum fibromas, and dental pits may also occur.A wide variety of skin abnormalities may occur in individuals with TSC. Most cause no problems but are helpful in diagnosis. Some cases may cause disfigurement, necessitating treatment. The most common skin abnormalities include:Hypomelanic macules ("ash leaf spots"), which are white or lighter patches of skin that may appear anywhere on the body and are caused by a lack of skin pigment or melanin-the substance that gives skin its color.Reddish spots or bumps called facial angiofibromas (also called adenoma sebaceum), which appear on the face (sometimes resembling acne) and consist of blood vessels and fibrous tissue.Raised, discolored areas on the forehead called forehead plaques, which are common and unique to TSC and may help doctors diagnose the disorder.Areas of thick leathery, pebbly skin called shagreen patches, usually found on the lower back or nape of the neck.Small fleshy tumors called ungual or subungual fibromas that grow around and under the toenails or fingernails and may need to be surgically removed if they enlarge or cause bleeding. These usually appear later in life, ages 20 - 50.Other skin features that are not unique to individuals with TSC, including molluscum fibrosum or skin tags, which typically occur across the back of the neck and shoulders, café au lait spots or flat brown marks, and poliosis, a tuft or patch of white hair that may appear on the scalp or eyelids.TSC can cause seizures and varying degrees of mental disability. Seizures of all types may occur, including infantile spasms; tonic-clonic seizures (also known as grand mal seizures); or tonic, akinetic, atypical absence, myoclonic, complex partial, or generalized seizures.Approximately one-half to two-thirds of individuals with TSC have mental disabilities ranging from mild learning disabilities to severe mental retardation. Behavior problems, including aggression, sudden rage, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, acting out, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and repetitive, destructive, or self-harming behavior, often occur in children with TSC, and can be difficult to manage. Some individuals with TSC may also have a developmental disorder called autism.
Injury - kidney and ureter?
DefinitionInjury to the kidney and ureter is damage to these organs of the upper urinary tract.Alternative NamesKidney damage; Toxic injury of the kidney; Kidney injury; Traumatic injury of the kidney; Fractured kidney; Inflammatory injury of the kidney; Bruised kidney; Ureteral injuryCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThe kidneys are located in the flank (back of the upper abdomen at either side of the spinal column). They are deep in the abdomen and are protected by the spine, lower rib cage, and strong muscles of the back. This location protects the kidneys from many outside forces.The kidneys are well-padded for a reason -- they have a large blood supply. Injury can lead to severe bleeding.Kidneys may be injured by damage to the blood vessels that supply or drain them, including:AneurysmArterial blockageArteriovenous fistulaRenal vein thrombosis (clotting)Kidney injuries may also be caused by:A non-cancerous tumor (angiomyolipoma)Autoimmune disordersExcess build-up of body waste products, such as uric acid (which can occur with gout or treatment of bone marrow, lymph node, or other disorders)Exposure to toxic substances, such as lead, cleaning products, solvents, fuels, or long-term use of high-dose pain medications (analgesic nephropathy)Swelling and irritation (inflammation) caused by immune responses to medications, infection, or other disordersMedical procedures such as kidney biopsy, or nephrostomy tube placementUreteropelvic junction obstructionThe ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Uretral injuries may be caused by:Complications from medical proceduresDiseases such as retroperitoneal fibrosis, retroperitoneal sarcomas, or cancers that spread to the lymph nodesRadiation or chemotherapyTraumaSymptomsAcute or emergency symptoms may include:Abdominal painAbdominal swellingBack painBlood in the urineDecreased alertnessComaDrowsiness, lethargyDecreased urine outputFeverFlank pain, severeIncreased heart rateInability to urinateNausea, vomitingPale skinSkin cool to touchSweatingChronicsymptoms:Constipation(with toxic injury, lead poisoning)IrritabilityWeight lossIf only one kidney is affected, there may be no symptoms, because the second (healthy) kidney functions well enough for normal health.Signs and testsThe health care provider may find the source of the injury by looking at your:History of physical injuryExposure to toxic substancesRecent infections or illnessSigns may include:Excess bleeding (hemorrhage)Extreme tenderness over the kidneyShock, including rapid heart rate or falling blood pressureSigns of kidney failureTests that may be done include:Abdominal CT scanAbdominal MRIAngiography of the kidney artery or veinBlood electrolytesBlood tests to look for toxic substancesComplete blood count (CBC)Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)Kidney x-rayRenal scanUrinalysisTreatmentThe goals are to treat emergency symptoms and prevent or treat complications. You may need to stay in a hospital for close observation because of the risk of internal blood loss from an injured kidney.Nonsurgical treatments for kidney injury may include:Analgesics for pain reliefBed rest for 1 - 2 weeks or until bleeding is reducedClose observation and treatment for symptoms of kidney failureDietary restrictionsMedications to treat damage caused by toxic substances or illnesses (for example, chelation therapy for lead poisoning or allopurinol to lower uric acid in the blood from gout)Stopping medications or exposure to substances that might have injured the kidneyMedications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants if the injury was caused by infection or inflammationTreatment of acute kidney failureSurgical treatments for kidney injury may include:Surgery to repair a "fractured" or torn kidney, torn blood vessels, torn ureter, or similar injurySurgery to remove the entire kidney (nephrectomy), drain the space around the kidney, or stop the bleeding (angio-embolization)Treatments for ureter injury may include:Surgery to remove or repair clots or other blockagesExpectations (prognosis)The outcome depends on the cause and extent of injury. The damage may be mild and reversible, immediately life-threatening, or long-term and causing complications.The kidney may return to normal function, or it may go into acute or chronic failure.ComplicationsAcute kidney failure, one or both kidneysBleeding (may be minor or severe)Bruising of the kidneyChronic kidney failure, one or both kidneysInfection (peritonitis, sepsis)PainRenal artery stenosisRenal hypertensionShockUrinary tract infectionCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of an injury to the kidney or ureter, especially if you have a history of:Exposure to toxic substancesIllnessInfectionPhysical injuryGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have decreased urine output after a kidney injury. This may be a symptom of kidney failure.PreventionYou can help prevent injury to the kidneys and ureter by following these precautions:Be aware of possible sources of lead poisoning, such as old paints, vapors from working with lead-coated metals, and alcohol distilled in recycled car radiators.Follow your health care provider's directions for using all medications, including over-the-counter medications.Follow your health care provider's instructions for treating gout and other illnesses.Use appropriate safety equipment during work and play.Use cleaning products, solvents, and fuels as directed in a well-ventilated area because the fumes may also be toxic.Wear seat belts and drive safely.ReferencesMolitoris BA. Acute Kidney Injury. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 121.
