Atticoantrostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening between the attic of the middle ear and the antrum, which is a part of the mastoid air cells. This procedure is commonly performed to treat chronic ear infections, particularly when there is cholesteatoma or other complications that affect the middle ear and mastoid. By facilitating drainage and improving ventilation, atticoantrostomy helps to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of further complications.