Pelvicaliectasia is a medical condition characterized by the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, which are parts of the kidney that collect urine. This condition can be caused by various factors, including obstruction of the urinary tract, kidney stones, or congenital anomalies. It may be detected through imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans and can lead to complications like infections or kidney damage if not addressed. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.