{| |- | Vicksburg Mississippi was a key city for both sides. The Union wanted it to close off the last routes between the western Confederate states and the eastern ones. By capturing Vicksburg the Union succeeded in spliting the Confederacy and speeding up their downfall. |}
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Two extremely important Civil War battles were fought in July of 1863. One was in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. That was the point when the Union Army showed that it had finally figured out the tactics it could use to defeat Lee. The other battle was in Vicksburg, Mississippi. General Grant captured Vicksburg and the North split the South in half. The part of the South west of the Mississippi could neither send men nor supplies to the armies east of the Mississippi. Also 40,000 irreplaceable Confederate troops surrendered.
So that it could not be captured by the north.
During the Civil War the North had better manufacturing abilities. The superior industries was one reason the North finally won the war.
Actually, the Confederacy itself never surrendered. Today many people believe that the war ended on April 9, when Lee surrendered to Grant. But all Lee surrendered was his own army and what remained of his department, Northern Virginia, which was Virginia north of the James River. Another big surrender followed on April 26, when General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered what was left of the Rebel Army of Tennessee to Sherman, at Bennett Place, near Durham, North Carolina. The last remaining large Rebel force in the field east of the Mississippi River, under Lieutenant General Richard Taylor, surrendered in early May at Demopolis, Alabama, almost a month after Lee. A few days later the fugitive President of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, was captured near Washington, Georgia. Confederates west of the Mississippi had been almost completely cut off from communication with Rebels east of the River since Vicksburg fell in July, 1863. The southern commander west of the Mississippi, which area was called "The Trans-Mississippi", was General Edmund Kirby Smith. He had been on his own for almost two years, as far as planning and doing what he thought best. It was part of Kirby Smith's forces which fought at Palmito Ranch, and won a victory. Smith finally surrendered his Department near the end of May. Confederate Navy commerce raiders were still on the high seas even then, and one, the CSS Shenandoah, kept on for several more months, finally obtaining newspapers from captured Yankee whaling ships, and then word from a British warship encountered at sea which had just left San Francisco, learned that the war was definitely ended. The Shenandoah then set sail from the North Pacific to Liverpool, England, which they reached in November 1865, becoming the last Rebels to haul down the flag.
North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee.ANSWER:There were 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union. They were South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas.