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Moscow gained independence from Mongol rule through a gradual process of consolidation and resistance. By the late 15th century, under the leadership of Ivan III (Ivan the Great), Moscow had expanded its territory and strengthened its political power. In 1480, the standoff at the Ugra River marked a pivotal moment, as Ivan III refused to pay tribute and the Mongol forces retreated, effectively ending their control over Moscow. This event symbolized the rise of Moscow as a sovereign state and the decline of Mongol influence in Russia.

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6d ago

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