How did Sparta control its people?

Answer 1

Sparta controlled its people primarily through a strict military-oriented society and a rigid social structure. The Spartan government, known as the oligarchy, enforced discipline and conformity among its citizens, with the helot population (serfs) kept in check by the threat of violence and periodic inspections. The agoge, a rigorous education and training program for male citizens, instilled loyalty to the state and prepared them for military service. Additionally, the use of the secret police, known as the Krypteia, helped suppress dissent and maintain control over the helots.