How did the invention of machine guns influence European states in the 19 century?

Answer 1

The invention of machine guns in the 19th century significantly altered military strategies and power dynamics among European states. These rapid-fire weapons increased the lethality of warfare, making traditional mass infantry charges less effective and leading to the development of new tactics and fortifications. The resulting arms race prompted countries to invest heavily in military technology and modernization, ultimately contributing to the escalation of conflicts and the intensity of warfare, as seen in colonial campaigns and the lead-up to World War I. This shift also had profound social and political implications, as governments faced pressure to maintain military readiness and expand their imperial ambitions.