. . . submarine attacks upon merchant ships .
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One, the convoy system allowed the British to limit their number of losses. Second, without the convoy system, the Allies lost one out of every 10 ships. With the convoy, the number of ships lost changed to 2 out of 100 ships.
The convoy system was used to prtect American ships carrying materials to Great Britain in 1940 and 1941. These merchant ships were protected by American Warships.
To protect Russian and british ,from German u-boats, while they carried supplies on merchant ships.
Pensacola Convoy happened in 1941.