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Actually, they didn't have any advantages. They had to begin from scratch with the confederate government, building an army, and they were an ag based economy which means they didn't have the factory base the north had. The population was also smaller compared to the north and there were less rail lines in the south. The one main advantage was Robert E. Lee who became commander of the southern forces.

Other favorable factors for the south were that the south possessed "interior lines of communication", primitive though they might have been. It was easier and usually faster for the south to move men from point A to point B within the south than it could be for the Union forces to move men around the outside of the perimeter of the south to get at point A or B. Some observers contend that because the south was primarily agrarian that southerners took more easily to camp life. Most southerners could ride a horse while few northerners could, so that was an edge, at least initially, for the cavalry.

Perhaps the biggest thing in favor of the south was that the south could eventually reach its goal of independence, in effect, "win the war", merely by not losing in the meantime. So long as southern forces could be maintained in the field, the Union might eventually tire of the cost and effort. Conversely, for the north to prevail, they had to invade and conquer the south, which was a vast geographical area.

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