Training - as Sparta was supported by a serf population, the Spartan men were able to devote themselves to training for war, while its opponents had to work and farm for a living and so spent only a day a month on traaining.
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Their unique Spartan training and their precision of the phalanx maneuver gained Sparta's fame in its militaristic culture.
Athens had a strong navy, while Sparta had a better army
Sparta captred it's niegboring city-staes and enslaved the people. They called their slaves helots and they fear that the helots would rebel and so they trained boys for the military in case the helots did rebel.
IN MEXICO
They conquered neighbouring territories and made the inhabitants into serfs who provided part of their crops to the Spartan state.. This freed the Spartan males to concentrate on military training instead of farming for subsistence.
A nation cannot protect it's economic strength without a equally strong military. Nations of the free world during the cold war that had strong economic strength but weak or no militaries were successful...only because the US military protected them.