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The USSR's 1961 Tsar Bomba (King of bombs), yield 52 to 58 MTon (depending on measurement technique). It was an air dropped 3 stage hydrogen fusion bomb with a design yield of 100 MTons. Andrei Sakharov (its designer) had the amount of lithium-deuteride fusion fuel in the 3rd stage reduced for the test to cut expected yield roughly in half while still demonstrating ignition of all stages.

The effects of this bomb were so dramatic that Sakharov soon became a strong opponent of nuclear weapons and testing, spending several years in Siberian prison camps for his protests.

Physically the largest nuclear bomb was the US's 1952 Ivy Mike, yield 10 MTons. It stood 80 feet tall and 20 feet in diameter on the island of Eugelab in the Eniwetok atoll. It was a 2 stage hydrogen fusion bomb using cryogenic liquid deuterium and tritium. Eugelab ceased to exist when Mike exploded.

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