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The purpose of the Klan has changed over time. But it is basically an organization designed to retain power for whites and withhold power from blacks, beginning with the freeing of slaves in the South after the Civil War.

Originally its purpose was to combat the Republican party, the Freed Men's Bureau, and Carpetbaggers. These groups promised the freed slaves many things if they would vote Republican, while at the same time officials were turning away many white voters who had served in the Confederate army or government. Some whites turned to lawlessness to maintain their control over various aspects of government and society. Violence and intimidation became tools of the Klan, whose membership wore hoods as disguises while committing various criminal acts.

In all of its incarnations, the Klan sought various forms of disenfranchisement, such as the Jim Crow laws, and espoused theories of white superiority and racial purity. Some Klan groups continued to use violence and murder as late as the 1960s. Eventually federal investigations led to prosecution and civil claims that severely eroded their influence. The KKK is still covertly active in many areas of the South, but many of its members have moved into splinter groups or more radical organizations. The Klan since 1946 has variously included anti-communist, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic platforms.
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Who expressed the darkest and most ominous aspect of the rural counterattack of the early 1900s?

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