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There have technically been three English Civil Wars, between the Royalists and Parliamentarians the first between 1642-1646, the second 1648-1649 and the third 1649-1651, usually known collectively as the English Civil War (1642-1651).

As for where, there were numerous battles throughout England and parts of Wales.

Some key battles include, Edgehill (23rd October 1642), First and Second Battles of Newbury (20th September1643) and (27th October 1644) respectively, Marston Moor (2nd July 1644), The Battle of Naseby (14th June 1645), in Wales one of the most well known battles is the Battle of Saint Fagans (8 May 1648).

The first and second Civil Wars led to the trial and execution of the monarch, King Charles I (the first) and the establishment of a republican Commonwealth of England. Charles II (the second) would later regain the throne and re-establish the Monarchy as part of a period called The Restoration (from 1660). Although the Monarchy was restored, the sovereignty of Parliament had been confirmed.

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