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General MacArthur tried to hold the US position in the Philippines becasue he was the comanding general and that was his job. It was a struggle because the Japanese had used surprise, destroyed half the US Army's fighter planes in the region, US and Philippine troops were poorly supplied, and the US was unable to quickly provide supplies or reinforcements.
The Philippines were not involved in WWI US forces led by General Douglas MacArthur liberated them from Japanese occupation in 1945 (WWII)
Spain has never invaded the Philippines. Spain's interest in the Philippine Islands dates to their discovery by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. There was no grand invasion or conquest and coloniazation by Spain began in 1565 under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Spain owned the Philppines until the Spanish-American War in 1898 when it became a US Territory.
Soon after Japan attacked pearl harbor, the Japanese captured numerous Islands in the pacific that were at that time US territories. These include Guam, The Philippines etc. and they weren't returned to US control until near the end of the war when the US pacific forces retook them. A few years after the war an independence movement in the Philippines (primarily brought on by the outcome of the war) caused the us to give up control of the islands, so you could say the us lost the Philippines as a result of ww2. In addition to that, the us lost tens of thousands of American lives and thousands of vehicles and aircraft on foreign battlefields.
To protect petroleum supplies and to liberate the occupied country of Kuwait.