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They simply ran out of men and supplies.

Grant had ended the system of prisoner exchange, knowing that the Confederates would run out of men first.

Sherman's raids on the farmland of Georgia helped to starve the armies in the field. When Georgian soldiers heard of this, they deserted Lee's army in large numbers, feeling that they were needed at home.

Meanwhile, the US naval blockade continued to keep out war supplies. And Lincoln's victory in the election of 1864 signalled that the North was willing to fight on.

The end could not be far.

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