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James Brooke was appointed Rajah of Sarawak by the Sultan of Brunei. Rajah James was an Anglo-Indian soldier who had arrived in Sarawak with his private gunboat the Royalist. His military experience and the ship were very useful in fighting pirates and rebels in Sarawak. The Sultan made him governor of Sarawak in return but as James became more powerful he demanded the Sultan make him Rajah which he did. This meant James Brooke was the legal sovereign of the state of Sarawak. Although he was technically subject to the Sultan of Brunei he increasingly took an independent line and was reconised as sovereign by the U.S. first and then Britain. When James died his nephew Charles became Rajah and his so Vyner succeeded him in 1918. The Brooke Rajahs were British but ruled Sarawak as an independent state. Vyner abdicated in 1946 and ceded the Kingdom of Sarawak to the U.K. and in 1963 it voted to become part of Malaysia. Vyner's nephew, Anthony Brooke was the Rajah Muda and heir to the throne. He is still alive and lives in New Zealand.

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Q: Why was James Brooke called the rajah of Sarawak?
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