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Because any and all available weapons were used; including chemical warfare.

No. The concept of Total War has nothing to do with the exact methods of fighting. Rather it concerns how the civilian and government institutions are involved in the war. Under the Total War concept, the entire nation's economy and population are mobilized and directed to support the military. That is, the whole country is involved in the war, not just the actual military. Total War is an outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution - as militaries became dependent on massive amounts of manufactured goods, it became necessary to direct the entire output of the nation to support the continued fighting of one's armed services.

World War One (a.k.a The Great War) is a prime example of a Total War - the entire economic output of all countries on both sides was taken under government control, and planned to maximize output of military goods to support that country's military. Whole civilian populations were effectively drafted into factories and farms to produce specific goods for use by the military, rather than civilian, sectors. In effect, no economic activity was allowed which did not support the war effort in some manner, and the whole of economic production was tailored to fit military demands.

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14y ago

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