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The Western Front was bogged down in trench warfare because there was no room left to maneuver due to these new technologies.
The defeat of Russia enabled Germany to transfer troops to the Western Front, but not in the numbers they had hoped for, as they had unexpectedly serious problems on the Eastern Front with groups as diverse as Bolshevists and Ukrainian nationalists. Russia' defeat also fed fantasies about boundless German expansion in Eastern Europe - fantasies that played a key role in Hitler's thinking.
The allies lost a major part of their Alliance. With Russia in the war, Germany and the Central Powers had to fight a 'two front' war. The Eastern(Russia and Germany) and Western front. (France and Germany) This made Germany split their troops in half and have less men on each side. With Russia out of the war they could mobilize all their troops to the Western front and focus on winning the war.
This is a question best left to experience. Go for there for 5 years...you'll find out
France Mostly in NE France, the Fortress City of Verdun was heavily attacked. Many of the river lines were sites of battles, the Marne, Somme & Aisne amonst others. The trenches were also in Belgium, the British forces generally on the left flank of the French. Effectively there were trenches from the Swiss frontier to the English channel.