Yes. You will have to work around the ink stampings and knots, but the wood will take a stain.
You can, but since that is the main support it would be best to replace it, preferably with decay resistant lumber.
The color identifies them as "stud grade" pine.
A 2x2 pine stud lumber actually measures 1.5 inches by 1.5 inches in dimension. This discrepancy arises from the milling process, where the rough-cut lumber is planed down to create a smooth surface. The nominal size (2x2) refers to the dimensions before drying and planing. Thus, the actual size is smaller than the nominal size due to this processing.
Treated lumber should be used in outdoor construction. There are different types of treated lumber, some are for above ground use and some are for below grade use.
It is the second weakest grade in this scale: C14, C16, C18, С22, С24, С27, С30, С35 and С40.
The grade stamp on dimensional lumber typically includes information such as the grade of the wood (e.g., Select Structural, No. 1, No. 2), the species of the wood, the mill identification number, and the moisture content at the time of drying. It may also indicate compliance with specific standards or codes, such as those set by the American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC) or the National Forest Products Association (NFPA). This stamp helps ensure the lumber meets certain performance and quality criteria for construction and building applications.
When selecting appearance grade lumber for a construction project, factors to consider include the wood's color, grain pattern, knots, and overall appearance. It is important to choose lumber that meets the desired aesthetic requirements while also considering the structural integrity and cost.
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A 2 x 4 is the most common size stud. Some people will use 2 x 6 lumber to increase insulation values or when your walls get over 10" in height.
When selecting appearance grade lumber for a woodworking project, consider factors such as the wood species, grain pattern, color consistency, knots, and defects. These factors can affect the overall look and quality of the finished project.
The color identifies them as "stud grade" pine.
A precut/milled wood stud is 2 inches by 4 inches before milling. When milled 1/4 of an inch is removed from all linear surfaces making it a 1 and 1/2 by 3 and 1/2 inch piece of lumber.