Stick welding is also more difficult to learn and use, particularly the ability to strike and maintain an arc. Arc welders are available in AC, DC or AC/DC, with AC being the most economical. It's used for welding thicker metals of 1/16 inch or greater.
The proper ampere rating of a circuit breaker for an electric arc welder depends on the arc welder. Each is different. Look at the nameplate on the arc welder and choose the circuit breaker and wiring accordingly.
it welds
Depends on a lot of things. Slickest work, but most expensive - TIG. Cheapest - arc (stick) welder. Reasonably user friendly and inexpensive - wire-feed arc/ MIG welder.) Most versatile - Oxyacetylene. Oxy will give have the biggest heat affected zone and is the hardest to use (IMO). If your kart is really thin wall tubing you can forget about the stick welder and even the MIG will be quite tricky.
4500to6000 celsius
Like any mechanical tool, machine or similar engineering equipment, an arc welder will have lots of different materials inside it. An arc welder is an electrical machine and any electrical machine must have wiring inside it. Most electrical wiring will be made of Copper. So yes, there is likely to be some Copper inside an arc welder.
s.m.a.w. shielded metal arc welding
Yes. There are covered electrodes made for SMAW (stick) welding of SS. I have actually repaired one of my wifes SS cooking pots that had a broken handle with a stick welder.
10,000 Watts
That that would depend on what welder you are using. But most welders do have a arc that is brighter than the sun
You will need a 'step up transformer' but it is important to provide the details on the information panel of the welder before ordering
It should be a 1947