Turning refers to rotating a part around one of its axis, then using a cutting tool to change its diameter. The machine tool designed to carry out turning is the lathe.
The facing operation is the part of machining where the final surface is given it's finishing touches. Usually this is done by fine turning of the surface to produce a highly polished and smooth surface.
General machining processes include turning, shaping, milling, drilling, sawing, abrasive machining, and broaching.
Straight turning is a machining process performed on a lathe where a cutting tool moves parallel to the axis of the workpiece, removing material to create a cylindrical shape. This operation is typically used to reduce the diameter of a workpiece or to create features like shoulders or grooves. It is a fundamental turning operation in manufacturing and is essential for producing precise and uniform cylindrical components.
It is a chuck that switches tools during a machining operation.
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Proof machining means>> If part have too much dispensable material to remove through out machining than machining is done on the same to remove all material till it will have only 2~3 mm to achieve its final dimensions , this process is called proof machining or if part have 1~2 mm material to remove for coming it final dimensions then Cutting tool path proving done & is called proof machining.
Longitudinal feed refers to the movement of the cutting tool along the length of the workpiece during a machining operation. It determines the rate at which material is removed from the workpiece and influences the surface finish and efficiency of the machining process.
A machine having more than one spindle is called multi-spindle machine. A machine with 2 spindles are termed twin-spindle machine. In some of the cnc turning centers twin spindles are used to perform first and second operation simultaneously to complete machining of that component in same operating time. Spindles more than 2 is using in drilling machines normally to perform drilling operation of components like automobile engines at a time.
counter-bore chamfer counter-sink
A cylindrical job can be done by using a lot of turing operations. A lathe turning operation is done using a machinery. There are many different parts to a turning tool. Some examples of a turning tool are left-hand turning tool and the right hand turning tool.
The major turning points in the Battle of Stalingrad were when the Soviets launched Operation Uranus. Also, when Germany tried to launch and failed Operation Winterstorm, the Soviets reacted by launching Operation Little Saturn and Operation Koltso.