At the Equator.
If the altitude of Polaris is 43 degrees above the northern horizon, then the observer is located somewhere within roughly 1/2 degree of 43 degrees north latitude.
If an observer in Pennsylvania measures the altitude of Polaris to be 40 degrees, they could be approximately 40 degrees north of the equator, which would imply a latitude close to 40 degrees north. This is because the altitude of Polaris above the horizon is equal to the observer's latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
90 degrees
The altitude of Polaris and the latitude of an observer are directly related. The altitude of Polaris in the sky is approximately equal to the observer's latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. The higher the latitude, the higher Polaris will appear in the sky.
The earth's axis of rotation is tilted relative to its orbit around the sun, causing Polaris to align with the earth's axis. When an observer measures the altitude of Polaris above the horizon, they can determine their latitude because Polaris' altitude corresponds to the observer's angular distance from the North Pole.
The altitude of polaris for an observer is always the same as your latitude so it would be 64oN
New York City.
Jamestown
Jamestown
43 degrees
The altitude of Polaris, or the North Star, can be roughly estimated as equal to the latitude of the observer. Mamaroneck, New York, is situated at approximately 40.95° N latitude. Therefore, the altitude of Polaris from Mamaroneck would be about 40.95 degrees above the northern horizon.
The angle of the altitude of Polaris is equal to the observer's latitude. However, this is only true if you are in the Northern Hemisphere. For example, at the North Pole it is directly overhead and at the equator it is on the horizon and at 45 degrees North it is 45 degrees above you.