In the northern hemisphere Polaris can be seen in any month of the year.
Where on Earth are you if Polaris is on your horizon?
Your at the equator if you see Polaris at the horizon
Your at the equator if you see Polaris at the horizon
From Antarctica, for example.
No. Polaris cannot be seen at any point (0.5 degrees) south of the equator.
On any night of the year, Polaris can be seen from the northern hemisphere and cannot be seen from the southern one. (Assuming the sky is clear in the north.)
It is Polaris.
The altitude of Polaris at the equator is 0 degrees. This means that Polaris is directly on the horizon and not visible at all from the equator. Polaris can only be seen in the northern hemisphere at latitudes above 23.5 degrees.
No. All year long.
As seen from Lima, Peru, Polaris is always about 12 degrees below the point on the horizon due north of the observer. So it is never visible.
Yes, the name Polaris is used to refer to the North Star. Polaris used to be Thuban, then was Kochab, is now Cynosura and will, one day, be Elrai.