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It is called Non-foliated.
Reverse Grading.
They are called varves.
Wavy layers in rock deposits form due to folding, which occurs under high pressure and high temperatures. The rock layers bend and create the wavy appearance. Not sure if that is what you're looking for Wavy layers can also simply be a bedform within sedimentary rocks - these are called wavy bedding or wavy lamination.
It is called a dike.
Broad areas of folded rock layers that resemble a bowl turned right-side up. A Dome.
Basins
foldmountains
Cristae (singular; crista)
Folded rock layers create monoclines, synclines and anticlines.
I think you are referring to the cristae. These are the folded parts of the inner membrane. The purpose is to increase surface area of the inner membrane against the matrix. The membrane is the site of the energy transfer in the mitochondria, so having more surface area is a plus.
a fold mountain
Folded Mountains are mountains formed when rock layers crumble and bend and are uplifted.
the way geologist know that rock layers are undisturbed is the rock layers are folded
Folded mountains are formed when rock layers are bend under stress.
Folded mountains are formed when rock layers are bend under stress.
To increase the surface area.