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165 = 33% ABC observed, 150/30% expected 140 = 28% CBS observed, 150/30% expected 125 = 25% NBC observed, 150/30% expected (500 less 430 is 70) 70 = 14% Cable observed, 50/10% expected Chi square test for goodness of fit (between the guideline and the sample) The Null is that the guideline and observed results have no significant difference, the Alternative is that they do have a difference. (3 degrees of freedom, 4 categories -1) gives a critical value of 7.82 at .05 significance The Chi test for this data is 14.32 so the Null is rejected and the Alternative is accepted.
it is observed on the day of 18 april
The volatility smile is a long-observed pattern in which at-the-money options tend to have lower implied volatilities than other options. The pattern displays different characteristics for different markets and results from the probability of extreme moves
3 December observed the anti pollution day
Hamlet's dead father
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the answer is hardness text me <3 xoxo
Yes steel can have multiple types of crystalline structure or "grain" structure. These structures can be changed by heating and cooling the steel in particular ways. This is not unlike how different temperatures and cooling speeds cause water to form different sizes and shapes of ice crystals, which can be readily observed in snow crystals. In steel, the properties of the alloy will be determined in large part by the crystal structure, like hardness, ductility, tensile strength. The manipulation of these crystalline structure through controlled heating and cooling is known as tempering, or heat treating.
Minerals are crystalline in structure. If you're looking at a solid object of inorganic origin, that occurs naturally, and it has crystals, the crystals are minerals.
It is the observed error.
an insoluble sold formed in a chemical reaction that is taking place on a solution. Observed when the amount (concentration) of that substance is greater than its solubility. small crystals settel out in the container.
A difference of chemical properties is observed for light elements; for other elements these differences are extremely small.
The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome
The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome
contrast
error
A physical property can be observed without changing the substance into something else.