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The first clue is a burnt board. There are many different types of transistors which complicates determining "for sure", beyond this visual observation. The absolute best way is to remove it from the circuit and test it per the specifications in the data sheet for that particular transistor.

A simple test to see if "maybe" it is good can be done by checking the base or gate voltage to emitter. This is usually .5-.7 volts in a BJT. If it is burnt out, or there is not enough voltage applied to the base, it may be burnt out. If you can open the circuit up to verify a small current is flowing from base to emitter in a BJT (in a MOSFET, there shouldn't be current flow), and verify current flow from collector to emiitter. If one of these is now an open (I.E. no current flow) you can probably assume this is a burnt out transistor.

So...the simple, sad truth is it is a lot of hassle to check this! In my opinion it is just easier to replace the transistor, assuming you can determine its' exact model number (some manufacturers scrub these, making it harder to reverse engineer things).

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15y ago

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