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In today's world of prevention and treatment of social problems the term risk factor refers to "individual or environment hazards that increase an individual's vulnerability to negative developmental outcomes. A risk factor approach assumes that there are multiple, and often overlapping, risk factors in an individual's background that lead to adverse outcomes. Furthermore, it posits that it is the cumulation (sic) of risk in the life course that is most strongly related to adversity."

In Into the Abyss we are dealing with risks related to becoming involved with a gang. Some of them are no different than the risks of getting involved in other socially inappropriate behavior. Examples of risk factors which may lead to gang involvement include non-attendance at school, school failure, substance abuse, being abused, unemployment, and living in a single-parent household or one which exhibits considerable dysfunctionality.

Not all children exposed to risk factors become involved in youth violence or gangs due to the insulating effect of protective factors. Protective factors are conditions which shield a person from risk. What, in other words, are the factors which shield or protect a child from entering a gang? Reflecting on the risk factors identified above, they would include regular school attendance and academic success, remaining drug free, being gainfully or legally employed, and being raised in a loving, functional, non-abusive family setting.

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What is the difference between a risk factor and a protective factor?

A risk factor is a characteristic or condition that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome, such as illness or injury, while a protective factor is a characteristic or condition that decreases the likelihood of such outcomes. For example, smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, whereas regular exercise is a protective factor that can enhance overall health. Essentially, risk factors contribute to harm, whereas protective factors promote resilience and well-being.


What does a protective factor increase the likelihood of?

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What is a synonym for risk factor?

risk factor


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