How does an electronic governor work?

Answer 1

First it senses the generator speed via a magnetic proxy sensor

It compares the speed with a preset level

Then it gives control signal to the actuator motor that controls the fuel injection pump resulting in change in speed.

This cycle goes in a continuous loop.

Answer 2

Engines, especially those used for generating electricity have to have their rotational speed held at a constant, even with varying loads.

Modern control systems use electronic governors to do this, as opposed to mechanical or electromechanical devices in early machines.

Most engines these days have some form of computer control in order to manage emissions and make them fuel efficient.

There will be some kind of input from the engine that detects the speed. A proximity detector with a chopper plate is common. This is fed to the computer which can then regulate the fuel delivered to the engine and maintain it's speed.

As load on the engine is increased, it will cause it to run slower, this is detected and the fuel is increased to bring it up to speed. This is known as a Governor. Modern governors can react very fast so no dip is detected.