=What are the positions of the sun over a year???=
The season
The effect this has is that the location in the sky of the North Celestial Pole is constantly moving. The amount of change over the course of a human lifetime is not perceptible to people who don't make calibrated astronomical measurements.
There are two things that cause it which are the earths orbit and thetilt of the earths axis.
... the fluid state we call 'lava'.
heat and pressure in the earths crust with little if any chemical change.
Earths magnetic orientation is locked into the rock when the rock cools
Earths magnetic orientation is locked into the rock when the rock cools
Earth's magnetic orientation is locked into the rock when the rock cools
Absolutely none.
Of course, otherwise there would no acceleration (change of velocity).
earths tempertures
The season
how does earths distance from the sun change throughout the year
It can change
because of the location of the moon with respect to the sun and earth.
No, but at the poles the field (because of the orientation of the field lines) offers the least protection.
No, but at the poles the field (because of the orientation of the field lines) offers the least protection.