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It's all relative. A battery has internal resistance. Batteries are not "ideal" voltage sources. If there is a "heavy" load on the battery (low resistance), the voltage you measure on the outside of the battery will be lower. A car battery is normally thought of as a 12 volt battery. When there is no load (disconnected) you can often measure in excess of 13 volts if it's fully charged. During normal cranking of the engine, the voltage can drop below 11 volts.

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Q: How is it possible to have a high current with a low voltage such as in a car battery if current equals Voltage divided by Reistance then shouldn't a low voltage produce a low current?
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What causes voltage on 1999 Saturn sl2 to go from 12.2V to 14V at random times?

The cause is the voltage regulator within the alternator (working normal). When the voltage higher it is charging the battery like after you start your car or have the headlights and wipers on. The voltage regulator keeps your battery charged up. In order to charge the battery, voltage must be higher than battery voltage.


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A mercury battery will provide constant voltage. A voltage regulator circuit will also.


How many volts does a 7.2 volt charger put out?

Without knowing the maximum output current it was designed to produce it isn't possible to say exactly how much voltage a charger produces. Also, was it intended to give a slow or a fast charge? In general all that can be said is that the output voltage of a battery charger must always be slightly higher than the nominal voltage of the battery it was designed to charge. This is for the simple reason that it won't be able to put any charge into the battery unless the charger's "on-load" voltage is higher than the battery's voltage. For the same reason, a charger which can deliver a high output current (amps) will need a higher "on-load" output voltage than a charger which can only deliver a low current. Also, when it is switched on but is not connected to a battery, the output voltage of any charger will always be higher than when it is doing its job of charging a battery. That voltage is called the "no-load" voltage. Assuming the battery being charged is a standard low-voltage type, of less than, say, 24 volts DC, it is quite safe, using a standard electrician's voltmeter, to measure the load and no-load voltages of the charger as described above.


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The equivalent resistance you would have to place in series with an ideal battery (which of course does not exist) of the same voltage to get the same behavior (voltage drop with load) as the real battery has. It is a mathematical modeling technique to help in circuit analysis.


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