Like everything else in astronomy, "it varies". Most cycles are sinusoidal; they go up and down at varying rates. When it is at the top or bottom of the cycle, it's hardly changing at all. When it is at the middle of the cycle, it can change pretty quickly.
I'm going to refer you to the Online Nautical Almanac, and you can look up the magnitude of the change for the day you're interested in. Let's look up today, August 10, 2013.
Today, 8/10/2013, it looks like the Moon's declination is moving south at about 10.7 minutes per hour. But by 8/15/13, the Moon's declination will be moving south at only 2.5 minutes per hour.
No. The declinations of the various stars are fixed, and don't vary over time. The declinations of objects within our solar system, such as the Sun, Moon and the planets, will vary as each of those objects move along in their own orbits around the Sun. And saying that "the declinations of stars don't change" isn't precisely correct, but they do not change within human lifetimes. Over the course of hundreds of years, these will vary slightly.
The angle of Polaris above the horizon is the same as the latitude from which you are trying to measure it. Hollywood Florida has a latitude of ~26 degrees, so Polaris is 26 degrees above the northern horizon.
South Africa and Australia share the range of latitude from about 22.12° to 34.83° South. Any 'line' or parallel at a latitude withing that range crosses both of those countries.
The "North Celestial Pole" of the sky is always due north of you, and at the same angle above your horizon as whatever your north latitude is. It doesn't move, and the north star is always within about 1/3 of a degree from that point. Your longitude makes no difference at all. And neither does the time of day. And feet and inches have no place in angle measure. And latitude is north or south and longitude is east or west.
Houston is at 29.8 degrees north and the Sun's maximum declination is 23.5 degrees which means that the Sun gets within 6.3 degrees of overhead at midday on June 21. Note that during summer time that is 1 pm. Houston's longitude is 95.4 degrees west which is 5.4 degrees west of the standard longitude for its time-zone, so the Sun's maximum altitude occurs a little later, at 1.22 pm on June 21. But on June 21 the Equation of Time tells us that the Sun is 3 minutes 'fast' compared to its mean or average position, so the maximum altitude occurs at 1.19 pm.
A country with a latitude measurement of 50 degrees north lies within the northern hemisphere.
"Circumpolar" means the star doesn't set, and is always above the horizon.It does that if it's within (your north latitude) of the north celestial pole (roughly the North Star).At the north pole . . . your north latitude is 90 degrees. All stars within 90 degreesof the North Star are circumpolar. The North Star is directly over your head, and thewhole sky just goes round and round it. Nothing ever sets.On the equator . . . your north latitude is zero. All stars within zero of the North Star arecircumpolar. The North Star is on your horizon. Everything sets ... nothing is circumpolar.If you're reading lists of objects and their celestial (sky) coordinates in a directory or astronomicalcatalog of some kind, the number you're interested in is the star's 'declination'. That's its anglemeasured from the equator of the sky. Subtract your north latitude from 90 degrees. Then,any star with a declination more than that number is circumpolar.Example:You live near Chicago.You might live on my street, because your latitude is 42.05° north.Subtract that from 90°, get 47.95° .Anything in the sky is circumpolar if its declination is more than 47.95° .
-- Suriname -- French Guiana
Declination is the angular measurement of a celestial body north or south of the "celestial equator". You can think of it as the equivalent of "celestial latitude". The "fixed stars" don't have any change in declination. (Well, they _DO_, but only very slightly and VERY slowly.) The Sun, Moon, and planets all have their own paths within the solar system, so their declinations will change on a day-to-day basis. The Sun is at a declination of zero precisely at the time of the equinox. In September, the Sun's declination is decreasing, and it goes negative immediately after the moment of the equinox. This is generally on September 21, but this can vary a day either way depending on the cycle of leap years.
Any sky object within (your latitude) degrees of the north celestial pole.
The latitude of the observer is equal to the altitude of Polaris. Therefore, if the altitude of Polaris is 43 degrees, then the latitude of the observer is 43 degrees.
45 degrees north latitude and 60 degrees west longitude
There are a few countries that have a latitude measurements of 20 degree that runs across. Latitude measurements can be across the earth.
These coordinates fall within Bangladesh, near or within the Gaurnadi subdistrict.
Morocco is 32 degrees North and 6 degrees West.
Those coordinates fall within Argentina.
The South Pole is at 90 degrees S latitude. The North Pole is at 90 degrees N latitude. All lines of longitude converge at both poles. The Antarctic Circle is at 66 degrees 32 minutes S latitude. Most of the land mass of Antarctica is within the Antarctic Circle.