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I diode allows current to flow in only one direction. Therefore, if a lamp is "on" in a DC circuit, and the diode in series with the lamp is reversed, the light will be turnned off due to the diode blocking current flow (unless the voltage is above the breakdown voltage of the diode - if this is the case, the diode will fail). If this is an AC circuit, every half cycle the diode will turn on, then the next half cycle it will turn off. To your eye, the bulb will most likely appear slightly dim due to this on then off cycling. If the diode is reversed, there will be no apparent change. The difference is the half cycle the diode would have been off before reversing, it will now be on, etc.

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