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The sun will be to your right.

  • Earth scientists make models and maps of Earth and its features in order to record information about Earth and to share this information with others. Each depiction serves a different purpose and tells a different story. There are certain features on each map that help tell the story.
  • Cardinal directions: If you stand outside and gaze at the horizon, you can divide it into four different quadrants. These quadrants are called the cardinal directions, or the four directions on a compass - north, south, east, and west.
  • Latitude and Longitude: Latitude is measured in degrees, beginning at the equator and increasing north and south toward the poles. North-south lines are lines of longitude. Longitude is also measured in degrees, increasing east and west of the prime meridian.
  • Scales: To be useful models, maps inevitably need to be smaller than the features they depict. A map's scale tells how its proportions relate to the real world.
  • Two-dimensional maps of Earth's surface can show distortions in shape, area, compass direction, and distance/scale. Different projections are made in order to reduce the amount of distortion in a given area.
  • A cylindrical projection is created by placing Earth into a cylinder. Earth is then "blown up" like a balloon and rolled out into a flat map.
  • A planar projection is created by cutting Earth in half at the equator. The latitude and longitude lines are then projected onto a flat surface.
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15y ago

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