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In France, the political structure of absolute monarchs was known as "absolutism." This system concentrated power in the hands of the king, who ruled without significant checks from other institutions, such as the nobility or the church. The monarch was seen as the embodiment of the state, exercising control over all aspects of governance, law, and society, often justified by the doctrine of the divine right of kings. Notable absolute monarchs include Louis XIV, who famously declared, "L'état, c'est moi" ("I am the state").

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