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mineral is a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition. Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms.[1] The study of minerals is called mineralogy.

Contents[hide]
  • 1 Mineral definition and classification
  • 2 Crystal structure
    • 2.1 Mineral groups and solid solution
  • 3 Differences between minerals and rocks
    • 3.1 Mineral composition of rocks
  • 4 Physical properties of minerals
  • 5 Chemical properties of minerals
    • 5.1 Silicate class
    • 5.2 Carbonate class
    • 5.3 Sulfate class
    • 5.4 Halide class
    • 5.5 Oxide class
    • 5.6 Sulfide class
    • 5.7 Phosphate class
    • 5.8 Element class
    • 5.9 Organic class
  • 6 See also
  • 7 References
  • 8 External links
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13y ago

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