Whilst the planet seen in the sky bears a striking resemblance, it is unlikely to be Jupiter for the following reasons:
1) The moon on which the soldiers (etc) are stranded appears to have Earth level gravity so it would have be pretty large. It doesn't necessarily have to be as big as Earth itself but it would probably be bigger than any of the other moons around Jupiter - so if such a moon did exist, we would have discovered it, as we have discovered the others using telescopes and space probes.
2) The planet has a tropical climate which suggests it is close to it's parent star (within the "Goldilocks zone"). Jupiter is the 5th furthest planet from the Sun and so any moons around it will be frozen. Also the sun in the movie is (so far as I can tell - the characters don't comment on it) full sized. Whereas the Sun, as it would appear from Jupiter would be very small in the sky.
These are the biggest two clues that it is not Jupiter, but merely a planet that resembles it.
Now it is possible that the Predator aliens have "cloaked" the planet and are heating it by artificial means... but I think this unlikely. Maybe the sequel will tell us, if there ever is one.
Predators - film - was created on 2010-07-07.
The VonTrapps where featured in the movie The Sound of Music.
The Firefly
Quest for Camelot
Humphrey Bogart
The pizza place Pizza Planet was featured in Pixar's first film, Toy Story. The Pizza Planet delivery truck is featured as an easter egg in every Pixar movie.
Duelling Banjos was an instrumental that featured in the film Deliverance.
Sayonara Jupiter - film - was created in 1984.
The duration of Predators - film - is 1.78 hours.
The duration of Sayonara Jupiter - film - is 2.17 hours.
Mila Kunis reportedly earned around $7 million for her role in "Jupiter Ascending." The film, released in 2015, was directed by the Wachowskis and featured a notable cast. Despite its high budget and expectations, the film received mixed reviews and struggled at the box office.
Predators - film - was created on 2010-07-07.
The VonTrapps where featured in the movie The Sound of Music.
No he isn't.
The Firefly
Ice Planet - film - was created in 2003.
Bikini Planet - film - was created in 2002.