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The "umbra" is the darkest central shadow; the "penumbra" is the lighter partial shadow. Since the Earth is much larger than the Moon, the Earth's shadow is larger than the Moon's shadow.

The "umbra" of the Moon is only about 300 miles across at a maximum when it hits the Earth, which is why a solar eclipse (which is the Moon's shadow on the Earth) covers such a small area. The Earth's umbra during a lunar eclipse (the Earth's shadow on the Moon) more than covers the entire Moon.

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