A circle through the Earth's sphere perpendicular to the observer's latitude
India astronomers recognized that the earth was a sphere.
Earth looks like a sphere - a round ball.
Astronauts do not completely leave the earth's gravity, they only enter a state of free fall orbiting the earth causing weightlessness. The astronauts that went to the moon technically do not leave the earth's gravity, they simply get close enough that the moon's gravity has a stronger effect than that of the earth's gravity. The distance at which this happens is called the sphere of influence. The moon's sphere of influence is approximately 66 000 km, this would be about 315 000 km away. In the Sun earth system, the earth's sphere of influence is 925 000 km. Therefore if you are within 919 000 km of the earth's surface, it's gravity will be the primary gravitational force experienced. The only exception is if you come within 64 500 km of the moon's surface.
Our Sun, although with the amount of debris in Earth orbit...
That is also called the axis; the "end-points" of this axis are called the celestial poles.
either of the two points in the celestial sphere where the earth's axis, if extended, would intersect
celestial sphere
These are imaginary locations in the sky. The "celestial sphere" is a blanket term for everything beyond the Earth. The celestial equator is the plane of the Earth's equator extended out into space. The "celestial poles" are extensions of the north pole and south pole into space. It's sometimes convenient to describe objects out in space with reference to terrestrial coordinates.
The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the imaginary rotating sphere of stars called the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to an observer at the Earth's North pole and South pole respectively. As the Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in the sky, and all other points appear to rotate around them, completing one circuit per day.
The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the imaginary rotating sphere of stars called the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to an observer at the Earth's North pole and South pole respectively. As the Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in the sky, and all other points appear to rotate around them, completing one circuit per day.
As seen from Earth, the yearly orbit traces the eclipticon the Earth's celestial sphere.
The Celestial Globe (or sphere) is an imaginary sphere around our planet, earth. All objects in the sky and space, such as satellites, can be thought inside this invisible sphere.
that the earth is the center of the universe
The imaginary line around which the earth turns is its axis.
because the objects exist at different distances from earth.
A circle through the Earth's sphere perpendicular to the observer's latitude