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I don't know the name of the artist but the Navajo do not have shaman or shamanistic rites. The 60 chantways are highly precise and choreographed rituals. It is thought that if they are done the wrong way they are less effective or they won't work. The Hataałii (singers or chanters) or in English sometimes called Medicine Men have to go through years of learning, memorizing and training to perform the 1 to 9 day ceremonies exactly correctly. They are more like priests or physicians than shamans. The purpose of all of the ceremonies is to restore hózhǫ́. This is a central Navajo concept meaning balance, beauty, peace, order, harmony and goodness all in one concept.

They do not sprint travel, go into trances or communicate with the dead or sprints. Usually a shaman is someone who does one or more of these things.

There are traditional diagnosticians who use trance sometimes to determine what ceremony is needed to help the patient or what taboo has been broken. They are not really shaman either.

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Which Indian culture practiced crop rotation Apache Navajo or Pueblo?

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How is Navajo culture today similar to the early Navajo culture?

The Navajo have a remarkable ability to assimilate new ideas and technologies and make them Navajo. We believe the early Athabascan ancestors of the Navajo were hunter gatherers when they entered the Southwest probably about 900 years ago. By the 1300s or so they were growing corn, beans and squash and weaving cotton and making pottery. By the 1600s they were increasingly raising sheep and goats and weaving wool. In the 1700s they began to make silver jewelry. Large numbers, as percentage, served in the US military in the 20th century. Today there are 300,000 Navajo and they do almost every conceivable job. The Navajo have changed in many more ways but these are some of the outlines. Through it all, as far back as we can know, the four sacred mountains, Changing Woman, pollen, and the concept of Hózhǫ́ has been important.


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Navajo culture, just like Germans have German culture and people in Japan have Japanese culture.


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In what aspect of culture is the close relationship between the Navajo and Pueblo people most obvious?

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