A streak plate, or unglazed white porcelain tile, is used to perform streak tests which can help to identify minerals. Rubbing the mineral on the streak plate will finely powder it and reveal the color of the powder, which in some cases is quite different from the color of the mineral. Eg: hematite is black but has a red streak - a good way to tell you have hematite instead of one of the many other shiny black minerals.
hematite
Gold and pyrite leave a streak because they are both metallic minerals, which means they can rub off on a streak plate, leaving a colored line that reflects their metallic composition. In contrast, quartz is a non-metallic mineral with a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, making it too hard to leave a streak when rubbed against a streak plate. As a result, quartz typically does not produce a streak.
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Minerals with a hardness greater than around 7 on the Mohs hardness scale will not leave a streak on a standard unglazed porcelain streak plate. They will instead scratch and powder the streak plate.
If you rubbed a mineral of hardness 7.5 against a piece of quartz, which has a hardness of 7, you would expect the harder mineral to scratch the quartz. The mineral with a hardness of 7.5 would leave a mark or scratch on the quartz surface, demonstrating the principle that harder materials can scratch softer ones. However, quartz would not be able to scratch the harder mineral in this scenario.
The lack of a streak would indicate that the mineral is harder than the streak plate, or the color of the streak is the same as the color of the streak plate.
The mineral that can leave black grease on your hands is coal. It contains carbon compounds that can rub off as a black residue on your skin.
The way a mineral breaks is a better clue to its identity than are its color and luster.
The mineral with hardness 3 will get scratched.
streak.
streak
it is determined when you rub the mineral on a hard, rough, white surface.
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To obtain a minerals streak you would get a piece of the mineral and rub it against something that is strong enough to erode a little of it.
That procedure tests the streak of the mineral. Oddly, the streak color of some minerals are different from the mineral's color.
When you rub a mineral on a tile it is called streaking a mineral. The line that is left is called the streak, and the tile itself is called a streaking plate.
Graphite is a mineral that does not leave a clear streak.