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Athena's motivation in the Iliad mainly came from a story that was not included in the Iliad. Eris, the goddess of discord, gave a golden apple at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis (Achilles's parents) to be awarded to the fairest goddess. The three goddesses in contention were Hera, Aphrodite, and of course Athena. Zeus, for once being smart, refused to pick the winner so the unlucky chooser ended up being Paris, a prince of Troy. Paris picked Aphrodite because she promised him Helen. Athena and Hera were both very mad and so helped the Achaeans or Greeks in the Trojan War. This is basically the motivation behind all of Athena's actions, to bring about the downfall of Troy.

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