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Why does the Fermi energy level lie closer to the conduction band than the valence band?
Fermi energy levels can be anywhere. Anywhere. But can an electron actually be in a given energy level? There are specific Fermi energy levels associated with each atom where electrons might "hang out" or orbit. Certainly each electron in the atom occupies a given Fermi energy level. There are other Fermi energy levels where the electrons will go if they are given energy to go there. And there are yet other Fermi energy levels where the electron simply cannot be made to go because of quantum mechanical principles. That's in a single atom. There are other Fermi levels that electrons might occupy associated with collections of atoms that did not exist with just a single atom. Said another way, collections of atoms that make up a material cause other Fermi levels that didn't exist before (in the case of a single atom) to become possible places for electrons to be in the collection of atoms that is the material itself. In materials, the valence band is "here" and the conduction band is "here" and they either overlap (in conductive materials) or they don't. In insulators, the conduction band is above the valence band of the atoms and other bands that might be possible because of the macroatomic structure of the material. If the two bands do not overlap, then there is a band gap. The band gap is a "forbidden region" for electrons. They cannot exist there because the quantum mechanical properties of the electrons and the atoms of the material won't sustain their presence in that group of Fermi energy levels that make up the band gap. The question asks why the Fermi energy level lies closer to the conduction band than the valence band. Hopefully the information provided illuminates the situation and shows that Fermi energy levels don't lie closer to the conduction band than the valence band because Fermi energy levels can be anywhere. There is also the question of whether an electron can actually be allowed to be in a given Fermi energy level. Lastly, it's also a question of whether or not the conduction band is "low enough" that it overlaps the valence band where the valence electrons are hanging out.
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