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Bowens' Reaction Series measures the melting points of various silicate minerals, with the ones with highest melting points at the top. So as a completely molten
magma containing all these minerals cools down, the first to crystallise are:
ABOUT 1400 CELSIUS
- Olivine
- Pyroxene (e.g. augite)
- Amphibole (e.g. hornblende)
- Biotite mica
- Orthoclase feldspar
- Muscovite mica
- Silica (e.g. quartz).
ABOUT 800 CELSIUS
Notice I've deliberately left out plagioclase feldspar because plagioclases of different composition crystallise out at different temperatures. Calcium-rich plagioclase crystallises out at about the same temperature as olivine (mineral 1), but sodium-rich plagioclase crystallises out about the same temperature as biotite mica (mineral 4). All plagioclase crystallises out at a higher temperature than orthoclase (mineral 5).
So in answer to your question the first minerals to form as a magma cools are olivine and calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar, at around 1400 Celsius.
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