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Since the ionosphere have different types of layers namely D,E and F layers. So when a pulse transmitted from transmitter it get deflected or we can say reflect by these different layers and reaches to the receiver.
Thus the path followed by the pulse is the Actual path.
The distance between the highest point of actual path and the earth surface is called Actual height.
When a short pulse of energy sent vertically upward and traveling with the speed of light would reach taking the same two rays travel time as does the actual pulse reflected from the ionospheric layers. that height is known as Virtual height of an antenna.
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