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The 0 degree line of latitude separates te northern and the southern hemispheres. It is called the Equator.

Lines of latitude mark distances from equator to each respective pole. From 0 degrees latitude (the Equator), there are 90 degrees to each pole. Each degree of latitude is 60 nautical miles. 1 nautical mile is approximately 6,076 feet. So, 90degrees x 60nm/degree = 5,400 nautical miles from the Equator to a pole. This is a very rough calculation, because the Earth is not perfectly round. Be sure to remember, that a statute mile is 5,280 feet (rather than 6,076 feet). So, in terms of statute miles, the Earth's circumference is closer to 25,000 miles.

Air and land navigation typically uses nautical miles or distance measurement. Speed is in nautical miles per hour (called "knots").

Lines of latitude are parallel to each other, so the distance between them is the same no matter how far you are from the Equaor. But, lines of longitude (from north pole to south pole) are not parallel -- the distance between them is greatest at the equator (basically 1 nm apart), but the instant you move north or south the distance starts shrinking as the lines of longitutde merge te closer you get to the poles.

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Is the equator a 0 degree longitude that separates the eastern hemisphere from the western?

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