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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AN INVERTER
An inverter design and components vary with requirements but following components are most commonly used in designing an inverter.
1. MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller is the main and integral part of an inverter. The main working of microcontroller is to control the switching of signals according to the requirements.
A single microcontroller can perform multiple functions (e.g.) generating PWM for switching, controlling the protection systems etc.
There are various types and families of microcontrollers available in the market, for example :
PIC family
AVRs (ATMEGA series)
Atmel
Arduino
FPga (etc)
Depending on the design specifications, any microcontroller can be used.
2. BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS (BJTS)
BJT or a bipolar junction transistor is a three layered device which is capable of controlling the current flow.
In a BJT, a small current at the input of the device can control larger currents at the output. Thus, BJTs can amplify currents.
They can be used as a relay driver, as a switch, as a constant current source, as an amplifier (etc.).
3. H-BRIDGE
H -bridge is a topology in which four switching devices BJTs, MOSFETs or IGBTs are integrated together in a single circuit.
The name H-Bridge is given to it because of the typical arrangement of this circuit.
Mainly used switching devices in the H-bridge circuits are BJTs, MOSFETs or IGBTs.
4. MOSFETS
The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET) is a voltage controlled device and requires a very small input current.
It is mainly used for switching of electronic signals as its switching speed is very high.
It is the most commonly used FET in low-power high-frequency circuits.
The MOSFET is composed of a channel of n-type or p-type semiconductor material, and is accordingly called an N-MOSFET or a P-MOSFET.
5. FILTERS
At times it is desirable to have circuits capable of selectively filtering one frequency or range of frequencies out of a mix of different frequencies in a circuit.
A circuit designed to perform this frequency selection is called a filter circuit.
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